APJ Abdul Kalam
Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam, popularly known as the 'Missile Man of India,' was an Indian scientist, statesman, and 11th President of India. He was born on 15th October 1931 in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, and passed away on 27th July 2015 while delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong.
Dr. Kalam was a highly respected and inspirational figure who devoted his life to science, technology, education, and public service. He made significant contributions to India's civilian space program and military missile development and was a key figure in the country's nuclear weapon tests.
Early Life and Education
Dr. Kalam was born to Jainulabdeen, a boat owner, and Ashiamma, a housewife. He was the youngest of five siblings and had a difficult childhood, as his family was not financially stable. Despite the challenges, Dr. Kalam was a bright and hardworking student who excelled in science and mathematics.
He attended the Schwartz Higher Secondary School in Rameswaram and later studied physics at St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli. In 1954, Dr. Kalam graduated with a degree in physics and went on to study aerospace engineering at the Madras Institute of Technology. He completed his master's degree in 1958 and later pursued a doctorate in aerospace engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi.
Career in Science and Technology
Dr. Kalam began his career as a scientist at the Aeronautical Development Establishment of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) in 1960. He worked on several projects, including the design and development of India's first satellite launch vehicle, Rohini. He also played a key role in the development of India's first indigenous guided missile, the Prithvi.
In 1982, Dr. Kalam became the Director of the DRDO and continued to work on missile development. He was instrumental in the development of the Agni and Prithvi missiles, which are still used by the Indian armed forces today. He also played a key role in India's nuclear weapons tests, which were conducted in 1998.
In 1999, Dr. Kalam was appointed as the Principal Scientific Advisor to the Government of India, a position he held until 2001. During this time, he advised the government on scientific and technological matters and worked on several initiatives, including the establishment of the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission.
Presidency
In 2002, Dr. Kalam was elected as the 11th President of India. He was the first scientist and the first bachelor to hold the position. During his presidency, Dr. Kalam focused on several key areas, including education, technology, and national development.
He launched several initiatives, including the PURA (Providing Urban Amenities in Rural Areas) program, which aimed to provide basic infrastructure and services to rural communities. He also launched the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme, which guaranteed 100 days of employment to rural households.
Dr. Kalam was known for his humility and his ability to connect with people from all walks of life. He was often referred to as the 'People's President' and was widely respected for his integrity and his commitment to public service.
Legacy
Dr. Kalam was a visionary leader who inspired millions of people in India and around the world. He was a true patriot who devoted his life to the service of his country and its people.
His contributions to science and technology have helped India become a major player in the global arena. His ideas on national development, education, and innovation continue to influence policy makers and leaders.
Dr. Kalam was a prolific writer and a motivational speaker.
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